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AI (Artificial Intelligence): Responsible and Ethical Use of AI

Responsible and Effective Use of Artificial Intelligence in Academic Research and Writing

Understanding Plagiarism

How to avoid Plagiarism

Paraphrasing and summarizing techniques

  1. Read and Understand the Source Material 
  2. Use Different Wording and Sentence Structure 
  3. Focus on the Main Ideas 
  4. Maintain the Author's Intended Meaning
  5. Attribute the Source
  6. Use Quotation Marks for Direct Quotes 
  7. Revise and Edit

Quoting effectively and correctly

Quoting effectively and correctly is an essential skill in academic writing. When quoting, you are using someone else's exact words within your own work. Here are some guidelines to help you quote effectively and ensure proper citation:

  1. Select Relevant Quotes
  2. Use Quotation Marks ("")
  3. Provide Attribution: (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
  4. Maintain Accuracy
  5. Integrate Quotes Smoothly
  6. Paraphrase Instead of Quoting
  7. Block Quotes for Lengthy Text
  8. Maintain Academic Integrity
  9. Check Citation Style Guides

Avoiding accidental plagiarism is crucial for maintaining academic integrity.

  1. Understand Plagiarism: Familiarize yourself with what constitutes plagiarism @Unisa. 
  2. Start Early and Manage Your Time
  3. Take Detailed Notes: Note down the necessary information for citations, including author names, publication dates, page numbers, and URLs.
  4. Use Quotation Marks and Citations: Ensure that you place them within quotation marks and include in-text citations for paraphrased information.
  5. Paraphrase Effectively: When paraphrasing, restate the information in your own words while maintaining the original meaning. 
  6. Credit Ideas and Concepts: Properly attribute ideas, concepts, and theories that are not common knowledge. 
  7. Consult Citation Style Guides: Refer to the specific citation style guides recommended by your department / professor like APA. 
  8. Use Plagiarism Detection Tools: like Turnitin.
  9. Seek Guidance from Instructors or Librarians: If you have questions or uncertainties about proper citation practices or avoiding plagiarism, don't hesitate to reach out to your instructors or Research Commons librarians for guidance. 
  10. Proofread and Edit Carefully:  Double-check your reference list or bibliography to ensure that all sources are included and properly cited.

UNISA's Policies

Types of Plagiarism

Direct Plagiarism: Direct plagiarism occurs when someone copies word-for-word from a source without providing proper attribution or quotation marks. It involves presenting someone else's work as your own, without any acknowledgment.

Self-Plagiarism: Self-plagiarism, also known as recycling or duplication, happens when a person submits their own previous work, or a substantial portion of it, as new or original without proper citation or disclosure. While it is acceptable to reuse ideas, it is important to cite previous work to avoid misleading others.

Paraphrasing Plagiarism: Paraphrasing plagiarism occurs when someone rewrites or rephrases someone else's work without giving appropriate credit. Even if the words are changed, if the sentence structure and ideas remain the same, proper citation is necessary.

Mosaic Plagiarism: Mosaic plagiarism, also known as patchwriting, involves taking small sections of text from various sources and combining them without proper attribution. This type of plagiarism attempts to disguise copied material by rearranging words or sentence structures while maintaining the original meaning.

Accidental Plagiarism: Accidental plagiarism happens when a person unintentionally fails to provide proper citation or attribution. It can occur due to poor note-taking, lack of understanding of citation rules, or improper paraphrasing.

Verbatim Plagiarism: Verbatim plagiarism involves directly copying a significant portion of text from a source without attribution. It can include copying sentences, paragraphs, or entire sections without any original contribution or acknowledgment.

Collusion: Collusion occurs when individuals collaborate or work together on an assignment or project but submit it as their individual work. It violates academic integrity policies, as each person is expected to contribute independently and receive individual grades.

Citation Plagiarism: Citation plagiarism, also known as citation manipulation or fake referencing, involves providing incorrect or inaccurate citations to give the appearance of research and credibility. This can include citing non-existent sources, misrepresenting sources, or fabricating references.

AI and Similarity Detection Tools

Anti-plagiarism tools and software are designed to help detect and prevent plagiarism in academic and professional settings. These tools utilize various methods, algorithms, and databases to compare submitted content against a vast collection of existing texts to identify potential instances of plagiarism. Here are some common types of anti-plagiarism tools and software:

Resources

  1. Plagiarism Detection Software:  Turnitin, Grammarly, Copyscape, and Plagscan.

  2. Citation Management Tools: Citation management tools like EndNote, Zotero, Mendeley, and RefWorks 

  1. Text Comparison Tools: include Diff Checker, Plagium, and Urkund.

  2. Authorship Identification Tools: Examples of authorship identification tools include JGAAP (Java Graphical Authorship Attribution Program) and Anonymouth.

Internet Search Engines: like Google can be used to identify potential instances of plagiarism by searching for specific phrases or sentences from a document. By copying and pasting suspicious text into a search engine, you can see if it matches existing online content.

  1. Select Suspicious Text: Copy a specific phrase, sentence, or paragraph from the document you suspect may be plagiarized.

  2. Paste and Search: Go to a search engine like Google and paste the selected text into the search bar. Enclose the text within quotation marks to search for an exact match.

  3. Review Search Results: Examine the search results to see if the text appears elsewhere on the internet. If you find exact matches, it could indicate that the text has been plagiarized.

  4. Explore Similar Content: Additionally, you can browse the search results for similar content or paraphrased versions of the text. While not necessarily plagiarism, finding similar content could prompt further investigation to ensure proper citation and attribution.

  5. Check Multiple Search Engines