Journal articles are seen as printed if they have a volume number, and electronic when the pagination of the full-text journal article differs from its printed equivalent, or is not supplied at all, or is only in HTML format. It is important to indicate to your reader which format of the journal you are using.
A DOI is a unique number used by publishers to identify electronic articles, but not all articles have a DOI. If there is a DOI, the URL is not needed, but if the article does not have a DOI, you need to add the URL.
In some cases, the article has only been submitted for publication but is not published yet, which will influence how you reference the journal article.
Author’s surname, initials. Year of publication. Title of article. Journal Title (in italics), volume number (issue number): page numbers.
EXAMPLE:
Rogerson, J.M. 2021. Tourism Business Responses to South Africa’s COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency. GeoJournal of Tourism & Geosites, 35(2): 338–347.
REFWORKS EXAMPLE
Author’s surname, initials. Year of publication. Title of article. Journal Title (in italics), volume number (issue number): pages. doi:.
EXAMPLE:
Salehi, M. & Arianpoor, A. 2021. The Relationship among Financial and Non-Financial Aspects of Business Sustainability Performance: Evidence from Iranian Panel Data. The TQM Journal, 33(6): 1447–1468. doi: 10:1108/TQM-08-2020-0175.
REFWORKS EXAMPLE:
Author’s surname, initials. Year of printing. Title of article. Journal Title (in italics). [In press].
EXAMPLE:
Kreuter, T., Scavarda, L.F. & Thomé, A.M.T. 2021. Empirical and theoretical perspectives in sales and operations planning. Review of Managerial Science. [In press].
REFWORKS EXAMPLE:
